Why Do You Want to Be a Lawyer

The definition of a law states that a attorney is a soulfulness who practiced law and delivered justice. The utilization of the attorney varies signifi sack uptly across legal jurisdiction. So, as relation to the topic above, I want to become a attorney because, it is my ambition to become a lawyer since when I was in class five know that it is non so easy to become a lawyer. Because the subject law is not very easy to study, because the study material are so huge. in that respect is so many constitution and act to study. And puddleed as an hefty lawyer is not so easy, it takes a lot of time to establish in the society as a ripe lawyer.But also I have choose to become a lawyer because, in my invest of view, the population of our country is abtaboo sixteen core and the bout of lawyer in our country is about 42000 and number of adjudicate is about 1800. So it is very less in number in relation to the number of people in our country. And because of crisis of people in the j udicial department it takes a lot of time for judgment in our country. And I can observe no one care about all this problem, everyone wants to be doctor, take or wants to complete MBA or BBA and look for comfortable jobs.Its a profession which is to serve for the people, it is honorable profession, and it gives relief to people similar to medical exam hospital. A hospital heal the physical parts of the people where as a lawyer heal the people both physically and mentally. In our country we can see many poor people a lot engaged different kind of crimes, and they do not get pay judgment because they do not have the capacity to haired a full(a) experience lawyer, because the demand of money of a good lawyer is more, so I have decided to established myself as a good lawyer, Ill give right judgments to the people.And I have in mind to practice as a lawyer in the court is not so easy, because it demand a great courage to fight against different civil and reprehensible cases. Bec ause several(prenominal)times the lawyer gets different threats from different persons and political sites, and I think that I had that courage to face all this problems. And also practice as a lawyer is very interesting because every twenty-four hour period we go out deal with some new cases and also we will discover some new things by sought out problems.By becoming a lawyer as I can practice both in courts as well as work for a company, because now days high ranking company assumes lawyer to sought out their problems. By becoming lawyer I can practice in the supreme courts also. And we know that supreme Court is the highest courts in our country, and it is not so easy to practice as a lawyer in the Supreme Court, and it very honorable. Working as a lawyer I can handle the constitution affairs also, the position of a lawyer doesnt ends here, after practicing as a lawyer in the district courts for disco biscuit years I can work as a judges also.It is clearly visible that the demand of a lawyer is increasing day by day, because now days in every matter in that location is a need of a lawyer, want if we buy a mansion or sell a house there is a need of a lawyer even for a marriage here is a need of a lawyer. So, as a conclusion I would like to tell that it is common that law related persons are often value by the society, and it is a very respected job in a society. Nowadays a lawyer is a most important person in our society, they are the middle person who solves specific individualized problems, and the role of a lawyer varies significantly across legal jurisdictions.

Aristotle and John Stuart Mill on Happiness and Morality

Aristotle and John Stuart powder on Happiness and Morality In this piece of music I onlyow argue that Aristotles conception of eudaemonia disproves wonks functional view that joyfulness is the gr expelest entire. The point of this study is to contrast Aristotles and molars views on the value of diversion and its attach to chasteneousness. First I will describe Aristotles model of well- beingness. thence I will present Mills utilitarian views on merriment and moralistics. Lastly, I will provide a counter wrinkle to Mills utilitarian honorable principles using the Aristotelian model of eudaimonia.In this section I will explain Aristotles definition of eudaimonia and its relationship to felicity, morality and the virtues. Aristotle defines eudaimonia in the first book of the Nicomachean Ethics as virgin scrapivity in accordance with reason and that this is the highest good for mankind beings. For Aristotle, eudaimonia mickle be translated into a human lifetim e of flourishing since it occurs throughout a souls life. This lifelong happiness is complete and enough in itself, sloppeding that a somebody lives it as an end in itself and non for anything else beyond it.An important aspect of reaching our own eudaimonia is to exercise well as human beings. Aristotle presents his concept of the human function by stating that what makes human function so distinct is non merely to obtain nutrition and to grow because that aspect of life is shargond with plants and it is besides non perception because that is something shared with animals. Our ultimate human function thusly is reason and not however if reason al iodine nevertheless to bit in accordance to reason. Achieving excellence in human rational use according to Aristotle is synonymous with adopting a moral life.To lead a moral life is a state in which a person chooses to act in accordance to the right virtues. Aristotle, defines virtue asa entail between two extremes (excess and deficiency). He argues that the mean is not unavoidably the average or half way point, but rather changes in relation to each individual. For example, a person who right finished continue needs more peeing after jogging than a person who was not jogging, so the mean between too much water and too little water is different for the jogger and non-jogger.According to Aristotle, it is very difficult to get out the mean, to discover the exact point between the two extremes that is best accommodate for you. As he says, there are many ways to be amiss(p) and only one way to be correct. Aristotle explains that the choice of the mean is going to depend on what the virtuous persons ratiocination is. As in the case of the jogger, he will drink just enough water to quench his thirst (deficiency) but wont drink too much that would result in water in water intoxication (excess).Aristotle focuses his moral theory on virtuous motion and argues that virtue is necessary, but not suffici ent for happiness. You need virtue to lead a happy life, but ultimately, virtue alone will not make you happy. What matters most is that you make a habit out of choosing to act in accordance with the right virtues, which leads to a balance in ones life and ultimately leads you closer and closer to achieving your own eudaimonia. In this next section I will present Mills utilitarian views and the link between happiness and morality and how his views do not concur with Aristotles eudaimonistic ideals.In chapter two of Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill introduces his concept of utility, in like manner cognize as the Greatest Happiness Principle to hold that bodily functions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended enjoyment, and the absence seizure of pain by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure. In other words, Mill makes it accredited that pleasure and freedom from pain a re the only things desirable as endings and all things that we do is desirable because they produce pleasure or proceed pain.Mill understood that it would be demeaning to humans to reduce life to pleasures as this would then put us at the same level as animals. Thus, he introduces the idea of higher(prenominal) and disgrace pleasures. The higher pleasures are those of a higher fictitious typeface of that are determined by commensurate judges. This competent judge is someone who is acquainted with two the higher and lower quality pleasures. In regards to morality, Mill anchors its definition on the premises of the greatest happiness principle stated above.Unlike Aristotle who puts emphasis on the agent (the person themselves) in regards to acting morally, Mill is very indifferent and states that the character of the person and their motives do not matter only the consequence of those actions matter. For Mill, the morality of the action only depends on whether that action wi ll produce pleasure for greatest bit of people. As state before, he explains that pleasure leads to happiness, and happiness is the ultimate goal of each individual. However, morality is the rules and precepts for human conduct, nd not simply the causes of human behavior. Desire may drive human actions, but that doesnt mean that desire should propel human actions. Morality is the ideal, not the reality. Because of his views on morality Mill would not agree with Aristotle that the completely ethical person will not be conflicted about his ethical choice. According to Mill a person could do the right thing, and act morally while also having the desire to do the wrong thing. To explain this, he gives the example of a rescuer who saves another person from drowning.He helps this person because it is morally right, regardless of being seen as a good Samaritan or if he wouldve been compensated for his actions. Mill would also disagree with Aristotles argument that it is determined whether or not someone led a eudaimonistic life only after this person has died. Mill essentially believes in concrete happiness and believes that people should be happy while they are alive. Mill states that pleasures are personas of our happiness and not an abstract means as Aristotle puts it.In this third section I will provide a counterargument to Mills utilitarian ethical principles using the Aristotelian model of eudaimonia. I firstly disagree with Mills idea that happiness is stand ford with pursuing acts that only lead to pleasure and avoiding those that decrease pleasure. I side completely with Aristotle in that he believes that the purpose of pleasures is to serve as side product of activity to perfect our activities. For example, for a mathematician to become an excellent mathematician he must become very knowing in doing mathematical activities but also must commence the pleasure in doing this activity.I also side with him on his statement in handwriting Ten of the Nicomac hean Ethics certain pleasures such as those of touch can lead us to become servile and brutish and says that it attaches to us not in so far as we are men but in so far as we are animals. For example those who eat food to the excess lose slavish characters because they are choosing to eat yesteryear their bodily intake limit. I agree here with Aristotle that those persons who are devoid of self-control do not use their reason, take pleasures exceedingly, in the wrong way and in the wrong objects.Ultimately, in order to act chastely a person must act rationally in a manner that is between the two extremes of deficiency and excess when it comes to matters of pleasure. Thus, pleasure should not be sought just for its own sake. In terms of moral actions, Mill arguments also seem to be flawed. He believes that the goodness of an action is based on whether or not it produced pleasure and happiness for the greatest number of people. There is little emphasis on the disposition and char acter of the agent performing the action.This idea seems illogical because then everyone would be acting without reason and doing things for the wrong intentions. As Aristotle says in Book One of the Nicomachean ethics, the man who does not rejoice in noble actions is not good the good man judges well in matters of the good and the noble. Here he is referring to the fact that a person who is not performing actions for the right intentions is not a good man at all. To explain this further I will use the example of the drowning person.Aristotle would advise that I should save a drowning person because I have the positive and noble intention to do so and not because someone is going to pay me for helping them. I think Mills view on happiness and morality that pleasures should equate with happiness sounds like it would be ideal to live this type of life. However, this type of logic would not work out in todays society. He tells us that in order to find out what kinds of pleasures are m ost valuable we should look to competent judges who seem to just know what are considered the better higher pleasures because they have experienced both the higher and lower pleasures.As Aristotle states, however, not all pleasures are universal to all men because not everyone is directed to the same things. What if their idea of a higher pleasure is to rape women on the streets? The problem with Mills argument then is that what this competent judge may consider to be a higher pleasure may actually be a lower pleasure and be very wrong about what they consider to be right. Aristotle would respond to Mills statement that happiness should be concrete by stating that happiness in Mills view seems to just be a fleeting experience.For example, if a person spends their whole life hard to figure out a cure for cancer it wont be determined whether this persons life work was meaning(prenominal) only until we examine this persons life work. To conclude, I have stated both Aristotles and Mil ls arguments in relation to happiness and morality. Aristotles conclude that happiness (eudaimonia) is to have flourishing life in which actions are performed in accordance to virtuousness and reason.Mill, on the hand believes that pleasure is ultimately the greatest type of good and therefore is equated with happiness. I have argued that Aristotles concept of eudaimonia disproves Mills greatest happiness priniciple on the grounds that pleasure is only a small part of happiness and that the emphasis on living a happy life should be placed on the agent to habitually act in a rational and virtuous manner.

Fire Prevention and Safety using modern technology Essay

Technology has supportered us in delaying excitement incidents. flaming prevention is a proactive way of minimizing the damages or harm ca utilise by a run off incident. It is the responsibility of discount de dissociatements which mostly give back a decamp Prevention Officer as their head. The function of cauterise prevention is to circulate aw arness on how to take precautions against hassle. Fire fighters, on the other hand, atomic number 18 assigned the task of eliminateing give the sacks. Fire fighters argon also aquiline on technology to extinguish fire. All the equipments they use are the mo on technology.To sum it up, technology has helped us in preventing fire as well as extermination it when need be. Technology has helped us compound our fire safety measures. Fire safety comprises of the precautions we take to decrease the prospect of a fire that may be fatal, injurious to the great unwashed and furious to the property. This research paper would analyze how technology helps us prevent and extinguish fire. Modern technology has given us mevery types of equipment that live helped us prevent fire incidents. In most of the edifices today a fire retardant material is used during construction.There are also whatever electronic twists such(prenominal) as the scum bag detectors. The biggest sign of fire is the smoke. wheresoever thither is fire, there is smoke. So the fire detectors help identify this symptom. These devices are also very affordable. Many building have smoke detectors in all rooms. It has be keep up a necessary home security appliance. quite a little detectors are perfect for slow kindling fires exclusively for combustible atom smasher explosions modern technology has come up with the assail detectors. heap detectors are one of the most important fire safety devices.Natural particle accelerator and petroleum gas are the two most widely used gases in daily lives. Due to their harmful disposition and properties, a ny gas leaks could result in dangerous explosions. Gas detectors are continuously observe the air and they immediately identify the change in surroundings if there is a gas leakage. They come with audible and visual misgiving systems to vigorous people of the gas leakage. Hence, usurp action buns be taken in time to minimize the consequences. Gas detectors are a utilitarian invention and should be positioned where gas leaks are most expected.Another mannikin of technology that helps us in preventing fire is the fire alarm system system. The fire alarm systems come in respective(a) varieties. They range from the simple manual alarms to the ones that give verbal warnings of any fire detection. A control panel, placard device, building safety interface and power cater make up a typical fire alarm system. The above mentioned gas and smoke detectors are the initiation devices that inform the alarm that a fire has been detected. manual of arms alarm system depends on people to detect fire and cleave the manual alarm.Some of the other detectors used are the burn up detectors and the lovingness detectors. The notification devices help in informing the people to evacuate the building because of the fire. Many of these devices send a direct signal to the closest fire department. Some of these devices are built to give verbal announcements, and also a visual display for the hearing impaired. The most modern of these devices that are installed in large buildings also provide evacuation instructions so that people evacuate the area in which fire was detected.There are various types of smoke alarms. They mostly fall in the categories of ionization alarms and photoelectric alarms. The precedent is better for fast flaming fire and the latter is more detach for the smoke fire. The combination of both these is the dual sensor smoke alarms (US Fire Administration, 2010). Wireless smoke alarms are one of the latest technological forward motion as far as fire ala rm systems are concerned. The receiving set smoke alarm come in two contrary categories barrage fire powered and Alternate Current powered.The battery powered smoke alarm is except like a normal fire alarm with no wire which saves the families the hassle of wiring and rewiring. The AC powered alarm systems is practically more modern and aid in increasing the coverage of the alarm system. So, many smoke alarms can be replace by just a single AC powered alarm system A fire extinguisher, like the fire sprinkler system, is an active fire protection device rather a preventive one. It can not help in cases where there is a large out of control fire. However, it is most appropriate for fires that are limited to the ceilings of the buildings.There are two types of extinguishers stored pressure and mag-operated. In the stored pressure fire extinguisher, the fire fighting agent and the expellant are stored in one chamber. Propellants are chosen keeping in mind the nature of the fire fig hting agent. The nitrogen gas is used when the agent is any dry chemical extinguisher. Air is used when there the watery or foamy chemical extinguishers are present. On the other hand, in the pickup truck operated extinguishers, the expellant gas and the fire fighting agent are in different chambers.The cartridge containing the expellant is punctured before the propellant and extinguishing agents are expose to each other. The cartridge operated extinguisher is mostly used in industries where extinguishers have to be used time and again. The benefit these extinguishers give is the prompt recharge. The cartridge operated extinguishers use compressed carbon dioxide whereas the stored pressure extinguishers use nitrogen. Fire extinguishers can be further categorized into handheld and cart-mounted extinguishers. Cart-mounted extinguishers are also know as wheeled extinguishers.Handheld extinguishers are mostly used in homes or small workplaces or schools. The wheeled extinguishers are used in industrial sites, marines, airports, docks and heliports. They are much larger in size and ample in weight. A fire sprinkler system comprises of a water supply that helps in extinguishing the fire. It is not a preventive tool but rather a cure. It supplies water with sufficient pressure just as the fire is detected. Initially expensive, it has become more affordable with the passage of time. still a very few people have a fire sprinkler system installed at their homes.However most of them have smoke detectors. Smoke detectors are very important for the buildings safety. However, the trump doable safety comes with the installation of fire sprinklers. They do not just help you detect fire but unlike the smoke detectors they help extinguishing it and saving lives. It is very popular in industries but still is not very much utilized in residences. Smoke detectors and sprinklers work best together. Smoke detectors identify the fire and set off the sprinklers. Sprinklers supp ly water with pressure and extinguish the fire.The only disadvantage of installing a fire sprinkler is that ones the fire has been extinguished people realize that all their belongings have been soaked in water. However this is a little price to pay if the sprinklers help save us our life (Smith, 2008). Technology has been a indispensable source of fire safety. Technology has always been a source of statement some favor it, other oppose it. Where some people separate that technology itself is the source of most fire incidents, others argue that technology has come up with equipments and devices such as various fire detectors and extinguishers.The contribution of technology in fire safety can not be ignored. To prevent fire, technology has given us smoke detectors, heat detectors, gas detectors, flame detectors and a variety of fire alarm systems. To extinguish fire, technology has provided for us several kinds of fire extinguishers and fire sprinkler systems. We should all make u se of such devices and minimize the damage that fire can cause us. Fire incidents are very common and it would be a mistake on our part if we ignore dangers it can cause. References Bellis.M, Fire Sprinkler Systems, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blfiresprinkler. htmUK Fire wait on Resources Edwards. T, (2009), Automatic Fire Sprinklers for Your Home, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//ezinearticles. com/? Automatic-Fire-Sprinklers-For-Your-Home&id=321091Group, (2009), Smoke Alarms and Detectors, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//www. fireservice. co. uk/safety/smokealarms. php natural rubber Products Unlimited, (2009), Kidde Wireless System Components, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//safetyproductsunlimited.com/wireless_smoke_alarm. html Smith R J, (2008), residential Fire Sprinkler System Advantages, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//ezinearticles. com/? Residential-Fire-Sprinkler-System-Advantages&id=1388738 Santarpia. F, (2010), more security with a fire sprinkler in your house, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//ezinearticles. com/? More-Security-With-a-Fire-Sprinkler-in-Your-House&id=2229457 US Fire Administration, (December 17, 2010) Smoke Alarms, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http//www. usfa. dhs. gov/citizens/all_citizens/home_fire_prev/alarms/

Seismic Analysis

EVALUATION OF SEPERATION faulting BETWEEN MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS SUBJECTED TO DYNAMIC SEISMIC LOADDr. G Sridevi1*(0000-0002-5922-3132), Mr. Umesh Biradar 2(0000-0003-0087-9433), Mr. G Sudarshan 3(0000-0002-5129-5465) and , Mr. A Shivaraj 4(0000-0002-7437-1256) 1234 B V Raju Institute of Technology, Narsapur, India Abstract When structures atomic number 18 beneath earth temblor forces, adjacent structure may collide with each opposite due to different combat-ready characteristics. When construction vibrates out of phase and maro hotshotd dislocation among buildings are non sufficient to accommodate their relational trends, this can cause severe damage to the structures and it is known as unstable throbbing.Most of the time it is not possible to maintain sufficient buffeting gap among adjacent buildings. Present work evaluate the token(prenominal) separation gap required amidst high-rise building sit arounds considered. ii high-rise building of 10 tarradiddle and 15 storey are deterrent exampleled and analysed for dynamic time history synopsis for the EI Centro ground motions and minimal m exclusivelyeus gap between buildings has been discussed.Keywords seismic throb, RC construction, ETABS, Time History summary.INTRODUCTIONBecause of expanding population and estate esteems, structures are being built to close to each other. During a quake it is expected that, they will pound against each other. This repeated hitting application is referred as seismic quid. Pounding of structures could have cause severe damage, as neighbouring structures with several(a) dynamic attributes vibrate out of phase and there is undermanned separation gap to accommodate the relative movements of adjacent structures.This highly congest construction system in the metropolitan cities is the major concern for the seismic pounding. The most simple and viable manner for controlling the issue and flow the harm ca apply by it is to give enough separation gap between the adjacent structures.LITERATUREShehata (2006) examined structure pounding response and proper seismic hap dissipation technique. Three categories of recorded earthquake innervation are used for input. The meat of impact is examine using running(a) and nonlinear get together force model for different separation distances and compared with nominal model without pounding consideration. And it is concluded that, an increasing gap width is likely to be impressive to minimize the effect of seismic pounding.Mizam Dogan et.al (2009) carried stress examinations on outline models for various effect focuses and investigation on pounding. It is concluded that pounding forces are not totally absorbable on account of their high esteems but sort of their consequences for structure can be decreased by setting various(a) cloths between adjacent structures or by strengthening basic frameworks.Push over is a static nonlinear analysis method to estimate seismic morphologic deform ations. It gives force displacement relationship of a structure or morphologic element. Horizontal load is applied in a specified trope in increments and for a given applied shear force, associated displacement is rig until it reaches its maximum capacity of deformation.As the storey drift increases the columns are subjected to extra moment leading to the failure of the structure. A B Kawade et.al studied the minimum gap to be provided between the adjacent buildings using push over analysis. Response spectrum analysis was carried out by taking the data of EI Centro earthquake on different models. The results indicated that the acceleration and shear force produced because of pounding varies with the storey height and peak storey drift depends on the ground excitation characteristics.The effect of pounding is observed to be much predominate when blast levels of adjacent building are different constructing separate buildings with equal horizontal surface heights is wholeness o f viable solutions to prevent seismic structural pounding. It was excessively observed that the separation distance to be maintained increases with the increase in peak ground acceleration values.Jeng-Hsiang Lin et.al (2002) investigated the seismic pounding prob mogul of buildings in the Taipei metropolitan area.Detailed procedures of the analytical method are presented. And concludes that pounding probability of adjacent buildings is found to be significantly affected by the natural period of individual buildings and the period ratio of the adjacent buildings. delinquent to the lack of proper treatment of the vibration phases of adjacent buildings, it is found that the method used in the current Taiwan Building Code (TBC97) provides sad estimates for the required building separation distance and produces a non-uniform risk for all the cases investigated in this study.MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDYTo story the Dynamic Behaviour of Tall Structures.To Evaluate seismal Poundi ng Effect of next Buildings with Consideration of Vertical Geometrical Irregularity.To flying field the Influence of Shear Walls on Seismic Pounding Effect.MODEL DESCRIPTIONIn Present Study Total 3 modellings have been Modelled to Evaluate Dynamic Behaviour of elevated Rise Buildings by Considering Vertical Geometrical Irregularities.Model 1 A send off which consists adjacent multi storey buildings one is 10 storey and the other one is 15 Storey with a separation of 100mm with Masonry infill walls.Model 2 A object which consists adjacent multi storey buildings one is 10 Storey and the other one is 15 Storey with a separation of 100mm in this particular model all infill walls are modelled and designed as shear walls.-47625012700Fig 1 computer program View of the Buildings1219200176530Fig 2 Isometric View of ETABS Model1104900191770Fig 3 Elevation of ETABS ModelMETHODOLOGYThe ruler objective is to evaluate the effects of seismic pounding between cardinal closely spaced multi-storey buildings, to understand the minimum seismic gap between the buildings, modelling is done to study the response of buildings under pounding during EI Centro earthquake.In instal to observe pounding effect between adjacent buildings, two RC buildings of 10 and 15 storey are considered. Both buildings have been modelled and analysed in ETABS 2015 software. establish on the analysis results the clear separation distance is provided. all 3 models have been analysed for nonlinear time history analysis to study dynamic behaviour of buildings.The output results were obtained.In Time History Analysis the ground motion records are given as input. The time history analysis has the ability to perform linear as well as non linear analysis . The ability of this method to account for bidirectional effects by applying leash components of ground motion helps in predicting the response more precisely. In a Linear analysis, it is assumed that the displacement of whole structure does no t take place elastic limit under the application of design forces. when the structure deforms more than elastic limit, non linearity of the structure in terms of geometry or material are to be considered.Bureau of Indian Standards clearly gives in its ordinance IS 4326, that a Separation distance is to be provided between buildings to avoid collision during an earthquake. The IS code provisions are mentioned in following Table.Fig 4 fault Width for Adjoining Structure as per IS 4326 ( Table 1 )Table 1 Seismic ParametersSoil Type MediumResponse Reduction Factor, R 5Importance Factor, I 1.5Zone IVTable 2 solid PropertiesConcrete cube strength, fck30 N/mm2 (M30)Characteristics strength of reinforcing steel, fy415N/mm2(Fe 415)Modulus of elasticity of concrete, E 29.5 kN/mm2Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m3Table 3 Sectional PropertiesName of the Element Size in mmBeam 1 three hundred * 400Beam 2 300 * 500Beam 3 350 * 600Column 1 300 * 300Column 2 300 * 400Column 3 300 * 500Column 4 300 * 600Column 5 300 * 700Slabs 125Exterior walls,w1 300Interior walls,w2 230 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Dynamic Time History Analysis of considered models have been performed in ETABS Software. EI Centro Ground Motions were considered as Input Data for Analysis.Effect of Pounding is studied with a reference to storey displacement. The Storey Height Vs Storey geological fault graph has been plotted to understand the dynamic behaviour of Structure.Fig 2 Storey Displacement curvature for Model 1Fig 2 Storey Displacement Curve for Model 2Fig 3 Storey Displacement Curve for Model 37. result Stiffness of building has got a great influence on displacements in respective directions.In Model I separation gap between adjacent buildings are 100 mm. Displacement observed was 509.883 mm in X direction and 31.881 mm in Y direction. When masonry wall are replaced with shear wall, lateral displacement has reduced in considerable measuring rod to 36.74 % and 80.8 % in X and Y direction respectively.Effect of pounding can be reduced by providing safe separation gap. By the result of Model I we can conclude that minimum safe separation gap between building is 540 mm.Stiffness of building can be enhanced by adopting shear wall to reduce the pounding effectREFERENCESA.B. Kawade , Mr. Abhijeet A. Sahane Seismic pounding effect in building Amrutvahini college of engineering, Sangamner.Alireza M.Goltabar.R, Shamstabar Kami, A.Ebadi, (2008) Analyzing the effective parameters in Pounding Phenomenon between Adjacent Structure due to Earthquake,The 14th World Conference on Earthquake technology, pp. 12-17, Beijing, China.Diego Lopez Garcia, (2004)Separation between Adjacent Nonlinear Structures for Prevention of Seismic Pounding, 13th World Conference on Earthquake engineering science Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 478.Jeng-Hsiang Lin, Cheng-Chiang Weng, (2002)A Study on Seismic Pounding Probability of Buildings In Taipei Metropolitan Area, Journal of the Chinese Inst itute of Engineers, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 123-135.K.Kasai, V.Jeng, P.C.Patel J.A.Munshi Seismic Pounding Effects Survey and Analysis Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago,USA.Mizam Dogan and Ayten Gunaydin, (2009)Pounding of Adjacent RC Buildings During Seismic Loads, Journal of Engineering and Architecture, Vol XXII, No 1.Raja Rizwan Hussain et.al. (2013)Non-linear FEM Analysis of seismic Induced Pounding between Neighbouring Multi-Storey Structures, Latin American Journal of solids and structures, pp. 921-939.Shehata E. Abdel Raheem, (2006)Seismic Pounding between Adjacent Building Structures, Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 6, pp.66-74.Susendar Muthukumar and Reginald DesRoches, (2006)A Hertz contact model with non-linear damping for pounding simulation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol.35, pp.811-828.Weng Dagen, Li Tao Bashar Alfarah, Fransisco Lopez-Almansa (2017)Non linear time history analysis of a base isolated RC building in shangha i founded on soft soil Tongji University, Technical university of catalonia, report No. 2634.

Compare the ways the poems/poet present injustice Essay

The two poems I have chosen argon oblivion by Edward Kamau Brathuaite and nixs Changed by Tatamkhula Afrika. This poem tells the twaddle of slavery in a rhyming, rhythmic dance. It is either Heaven or Hell, so if youre in limbo you are in between. It is active the actions of the dance, and the history of a people which is be enacted. Going down and below the limbo stick is likened to the slaves handout down into the hold of the ship, which carries them into slavery. Nothings Changed is about the destruction of district 6, where people of all colours and beliefs lived together. moreover after the apartheid it was declared a whites-only area. I chose these 2 poems as they are both iniquity and tell in 2 different scenarios. threesome techniques I chose to compare are structure, resourcefulness and juxtapositionThe structure for Limbo is that in that respect are no punctuation until the last sentence where at that place is a full stop to end it. This is because it is symbo lic to the slaves continuous suffering. too something that is very effective and which is not recognised quickly is that the poem begins with a capital letter, to found the journey has begun and ends with a full stop to show the journey has ended.This is a great technique used to show injustice. Nothings changed structure is the poem is set out in hexad stanzas, each of eight fairly short folds. The title and the last line of poem are the same. The poet is trying to emphasise the same old z wizard Six he returns to becalm hasnt changed. He is saying tied(p) though that the apartheid has ended in reality it still very oft exists. Yes the signs have gone but he feels there are still the same attitudes, social divisions and tensions. The way he has written give you a clear understanding so in a way it shows injustice is in the poem.Imagery presents injustice in the poem, it says limbo like me so either join me in the dance or I am in limbo. This gives you imagery. to a fault Lo ng dispirited deck is the silence in front of me stick is the whip/ and the dark deck is slavery gives you imagery to. It shows they are on a boat so there mustiness be water around and it is silent. The word slavery makes you think of an image.Also you picture a boat full of slaves on the water going somewhere and it is full of silence. Nothing Changed is I press my nose, to the clear panes, k right off, beforehand I see them. You commode picture the poet pressing his nose onto the window and he can see that the place was once theirs but now it belongs to white people. Its like there is a barrier that blocks his trail into going there. This definitely presents injustice as he is not up to(p) to go there because of his colour. Both these poems give vivid pictures when you read them.collocation also presents injustice in both these poems. In Limbo there is good and bad, as in heaven and hell in the poem. It first-class honours degree starts sad and then happy so stick is the whipand the dark deck is slavery then later on up up up up / and the music is savingThe drum stick cut / and the darkness is over me it is like the bad has gone and the good is here, everyone can be happy. In Nothings Changed it shows black and white people, being separate. new, up-market, haute cuisine, guard at the gatepost, whites only inn then to Down the road, working(a) mans cafe sells bunny chows. Comparing the 2different stores the rich one for white only and the poor to black people.

University Application

I would uniform to explain active carry engender. From 2005 to 2007, I serveed as a help desk technician for a high discipline affiliated to Korea University in Korea. I kept up(p) roughly 400 desktops and bide skilful works including backup, error corrections of desktops and printers, and unskilled users mistakes. I formatted and installed Windows OS and replaced main-boards condenser, VGA, RAM, HDD, local area network card, and ODD. I installed a LAN line for new class rooms to be internet accessible. In 2008, as a outline operator I worked for one of the biggest securities companies in Korea.I utiliseed a daily batch job involved col and closing a stock market, processing deals in stocks, ERP, marketing and unanimous stock task with Solaris UNIX. I was involved in discussion on a modification of a batch job scheduling and maintained a batch job by documenting on a schedule manual record and analyzing the dependency while recording the elapsed time. The following job that I worked for one of the biggest telecommunication companies in Korea, where I discussed about annual operational plan and held the responsibility of including DB running on AIX UNIX and CTI, IVR and recording servers running on Windows 2000.I did first-level troubleshooting and informed a mortal in charge of a server when the issues arose. I continued to work as a technical support specialist for orchard apple tree in 2011 in Singapore. I exitd front line support via live web-chat and telecommunicate for Apple Care certified technicians. I drew on technical information from groups such as Apple care engineering, service information and documentation with a predominant focus on assisting field technicians with the secure of Apple Products.I identified potential engineering issues and trends in escalations by on-going analysis and tracking of escalations, and analysis of reports. Currently I am running(a) for Seagate as a technical support specialist. I answer to inward cu stomer inquiry calls and emails for individual and business Seagate hard drive customers. I work cross-functionally to resolve complex issues in Windows and MacOS environments. One day, I participated in a project in somaing a team website to implement integrated trouble shooting.It became a great internal knowledge bum for our team. It is also very helpful as all articles written by hands on experience for specific issues. After designing the project, I view as trained team members for trouble shooting steps for Apple products, and it was a good opportunity for me to utilize my previous working experience at Apple. I am quite interested in UNIX arranging administration and database. I want to be a computer lore professional who delivers environment friendly, convenient and secure life to the world.Special achievements I have made is that I was promoted to be an advanced network product support team member in Feb 2013. I was Chosen as a top 10 agent of all agents around the wor ld in 2011. My personal aim is to know essential computer knowledge to unload down the foundation. Furthermore, I wish to learn the computer and its related handle in depth. Actually, that was my hope when I was working as a system operator in a big data center. This was because I ran thrum scripts daily but sometimes I did not fully excavate how it works.I monitored SQL queries yet sometimes I had difficulty to understand it. I would like to build my career at business computer related. However, the requirements I utilise were asking a degree in computer science. In addition, I hope to discover a potential and interesting area in computer filed through BCS. I would like to study with Adelaide University as they provide high quality teaching. I believe after graduation of this degree, I will be highly skilled and adaptable with the ability to design computer-based solutions to the problems of information management and processing.

The Soldier X

In Soldier X, by Don Wulffson, lies a boy who was drafted into the German army at long time 15. His birth name was Erik Brandt, but subsequently his second battle in Russia, he switched his clothes with a Russian Soldier to stay alive. When he entered the enemy lines, he was known to others as Aleksandr Dukhanov, serial number K487944. devil Hundred Twentieth Armored Division. But, he hated being c entirelyed that. So, Nikolai Mikhailovich, his shoplifter (the injured man who lost both of his legs and was the patient justifiedly side by side(p) to X), came up with a new name for him. X. He meets nurses named Tamara, Katrina, and Zoya. There was a mental patient, who pretended to be the hospitals only guard was named, Sergio.When the Germans attack the hospitals town, all the patients, doctors, and nurses try to escape to another field hospital. But, as the trucks odd, Katrina was shot. X, Tamara, Zoya, and Sergio were knocked out of the truck. They ran. But, Zoya died on the w ay. Then, later on, Sergio was shot by a German. X and Tamara, continued on their journey, making friends and making enemies. The journey they take is their only way to come on their freedoms. First, does war bring out the best in some peck and the worst in others? Yes, war does bring out the best in people. When a bomb skillve exploded a building, some people expertness run in and see if there is anybody still alive and inspection and repair them. But, that doesnt mean war doesnt bring the worst in people either. multitude oppose to war in different ways. Some might react the right way and become better people then they were before. Or they might react in the wrong way and become a horrible person then they were before. When in war, soldiers might fight for the right amour and some might fight for the wrong thing. Some soldiers might fight for what they love. Their families and friends or the people who love them back. Or they fight for themselves. non thinking of others in any way. Sometimes people could change for the better. Or sometimes people could change for the worse.In Soldier X, when Tamara and X were injured from escaping the hospital attack, they walked for days. They went up to a house and the father wouldnt abet them, but their daughter gave bread and apples to them. Then when the got to a town Klatovy, Czechoslovakia, a car went by. They asked for help and the lady named, Elena Novak let them stay in her denture until her hometown was attacked by the Russians and the Germans. She gave the food, water and a place to sleep.A quote to bear out my thinking is, Tamara got to her feet. She was bone-thin, pale, and wheezing. Youre ill, said the women in her sort of lilting German. I leaned forward, cut back to the open window. Please help us, I said. We are so tire and hungry and we cant think straight anymore. Who are you? We are from a aesculapian unit, I answered. I dont know where any of the others are. I think closely of them are de ad. Little blue eyes in a large pink face looked us over. Gear shifted raggedly. Well, we cant have you dead, too she said. Come, come. foil in the car. We got in. (p.176-p.177) flush though there was a war going on around Elena Novaks home, she still gave others a home as well. Even though she didnt know X or Tamara, she still knew that it was the right thing to do. The right thing to do was help them. In the beginning of the book, after X and the other German soldiers were defeated by the Russians, Russian soldiers would go and stab either the dead or wounded of the enemy. Making legitimate that the Germans were dead. A quote from the book to support my thinking, I heard person pleading in Germanthen another shot. I belly-crawled a half meter and peered out. What I saw sickened me and terrified me. A Russian officer was methodically seeking out the German wounded and snapshot them. A lumbering oaf of a foot soldier, using a bayonet, was dispatching other Germans.He seemed t o be enjoying what he was doing. And many of those he was bayoneting looked already dead he was just making sure. (p. 74)When X was in the hospital, X met a blurring friend named Nikolai. Nikolai later lost both of his legs. He was equal the father X never had. When X left the hospital, he left his father-figure behind. X also met two nurses who were his friends. Katrina and Zoya. They were the ones who let Tamara stay in their house. When they were killed, those were the pieces of Tamara that she could never forget. Sergio, the pretend guard of the hospital made it out of the hospital attack but was killed by a German during their journey. Even though in his mind he was gone, he still had good intentions in helping X and Tamara survive. Elena, who gave them a place to call home for a few days was the person who really made the impact on their journey. If X and Tamara hadnt met Elena, they probably wouldnt have completed their journey to their freedoms. But, they also met a blurri ng enemy. Before they met Elena, they needed food and water. So, when they were in line.

MythBusters: Walking on Water Essay

ex and Jaime are to conduct an experiment to cop if it is possible to pass on water, but before they could begin their experiment they must have go offd some re lookup. They began by looking approve into the history of the ninja and ancient Japanese myths, and past continued on to search for a modern day ninja. They discovered the mizugumo, which is a circular straight off wooden disc that might have helped the ninjas stay afloat as they walked over the water. Description of experiment Kelsey Alvarez (Ms. Garrity)The mizugumo is said to distribute the ninjas free pack regular(a)ly on the surface of the water because of the wide surface area. callable to this, the ninjas would not be able to sink. To make the mizugumos raptus decided to pulsation and cut 2 circles of pine wood. They were past each sliced into 4 pieces. Later, he painted the 4 pieces a shade of brown. When this was completed he sanded the paint off. When the 4 pieces of wood had that worn look color he p roceeded to adding a rectangular block in the middle of the 4 pieces. He tied the 4 pieces and the block in the center with twine, repeating this blackguard for each one. Adam has now created an exact replica of the mizugomos. When the footwear was complete they proceeded to the actual experiment. The twine that was left over was apply to tie the mizugumos on to Adams shoes.Adam was now ready to walk on water, however, by and by taking his second step into the pool he sank right down. Jaime then explained that in order for Adam to walk on water he would have to be able to take very fast travel across the water. In Adams second trial at attempting to walk on water he decided to increase his momentum like Jaime suggested, and even with this done, he still sank right after the second step. Adam and Jaime then concluded that Mizugumos were actually a myth and were never actually utilise to walk on water. However, the group did not give up yet. Adam decided to make a pair of modern ninja shoes to leaven what it would take to actually walk on water.This time he used aluminum, a wadding foam, and snow boots. In order to make this workplace he used the principle of water displacement. This principle states that an immersed object is well-kept above water by a force that is equal to the weight it displaces. Adam continued to cut the shape of the boot on the packing foam boards and glued 4 layers of packing foam together with the snowshoes in the middle. In order for the foam shoes to not fall apart(predicate) he covers them in aluminum sheets and tapes it on.He also adds a arc rail in order to keep it firm. Before testing them step forward Adam paints the shoes entirely black. Using his aluminum shoes Adam is ready to test and see if he can walk on water. On his first trial with the shoes Adam walked too rapidly and ended up sinking. On his second trial however, Adam mildly stepped on the water and tried to gain his balance he was in the end standing Alth ough he was standing on the water, it was impossible to move forward. The team then concluded that the shoes could not be used to walk across the water. Jaimes cornstarch solution

Early to Bed

Early to Bed April 17th 2013 Section 1 Its not unusual you lavatory hear the floorboards creak, the toilet flush, and the arduous of the low one shoe drop to the floor from your neighbor at 1 a. m. in your apartment, and you may be one of them. Nowadays numerous people stay up deep, especi completelyy for those people who expect variant stay schedules, such as university students. University students normally change their short catch some Zs schedules referable to studying, running(a) for a living, or working for social networking (e. g. alcohol and caffein consumption). Staying up late usually reach issues to insufficient quiet, and this situation is prevalent among university students. consort to a survey done by Leon C. Lack Ph. D. in the conductger Delayed Sleep and Sleep Loss in University Students, A sampling of 211 university first-year psychology students accounted for close to 50% of the total enrollment in the course about 50% of the sample complained of insufficient sleep and estimated needing about half an arcminute more sleep on the average to tang rested. (Lakc, 2010) Moreover, the author also realized the linkage between staying up late and the insufficient sleep, Delayed sleep pattern presumably arises from a interrupt in their endogenous biological rhythm method of birth controls that creates difficulty in falling dormant early on enough to get sufficient sleep before prerequisite weekday morning awakening. (Lakc, 2010) Both delayed sleep and insufficient sleep can yard serious healthy issues, and also affect ones working productivity. Based on the Journal named Pathways to adolescent health sleep legislation and behavior by Ronald E Dahl, M. D. There is mounting licence that sleep deprivation has its greatest negative effects on the guarantee of behavior, emotion, and attention the most obvious direct health consequences of insufficient sleep are high-risk behaviors associated with substance abuse and automobil e accidents. (Dahl, 2002) Delayed sleep may harass ones circadian rhythm, and further lead to delayed sleep phase dis roam. Insufficient sleep may cause emotional fluctuation, which further affect your social networking relationships since being tired usually marrow being grumpy. Students usually think that they are more juicy at night, owever the truth is opposite. Humans arent used to saying up late, in the optimum situation, based on an article from CNN Health, we rise in the morning and after about 16 hrs of wakefulness we are asleep(predicate) and we go to bed and sleep for eight hours (Shives, 2010) Staying up simply means we use our brains so intensively even when our brains are ready for a rest. During the weekdays, delayed sleep and insufficient sleep make us impression tired in the daytime, and it is difficult for students to be concentrated in classes, then further affect students academic performances.The benefits of sleeping early are obvious. difference to bed early helps us chief(prenominal)tain the order of circadian rhythm and ensures the quality of sleep at night. Based on Dahls journal, Sleep appears to be particularly important during periods of brain maturation. (Dahl, 2002) Sleeping is the shape of restoring our brain, we would be more fatty, concentrated, and confident in our work during daytime. Sleeping early means we can remove more time in the morning. ever-changing and maintain sleep schedule is a unvarying process. It is impossible to strive all the changes overnight.In order to successfully switch sleep schedule to optimal situation, we should be aware the healthy issues derived from delayed sleep, identify a train behavior with a personal research, set achievable and incremental goals as time goes by, and finally reward your success. Section 2 As a junior-year university student at business school, both my academic and personal vivification have been in use(p), being productive is one of the major factors that le t me survive. I often stayed up late to get work done since I thought sacrificing sleep created more time for work, and then I could fete abreast of my schedule.However, things just went contrary to my wishes. First of all, staying up shorted my sleep time, which led to insufficient sleep time. Then I had to use coffee to repugn for fatigue and tiredness, but my productivity still kept low during classes. In order to catch up what I left during the classes, I had to lead more time to study outside. After I finished all my homework, it was usually around 1 a. m. , but the drag effect of caffeine kept me waking up at that time. My ein truthday life sentence was a vicious spiral and I found my body reactions slowed down physically and mentally, my motion was under the weather and even affected the relationship with my missy. Therefore, the main reason Ive chosen to sleep early is increasing my productivity and getting rid of fatigue and tiredness without caffeine. In order to op timise my sleep schedule, I organized a three-stage crisscross schedule The first stage (3/30 to 4/15), I went to bed at 1200 a. m. and woke up as usual the countenance stage (4/15 to 4/30), I went to bed at 1200 a. m. and woke up half an hour early as usual the third stage (After 4/30), I went to bed at 1100 p. m. and woke up one hour early.Half a month has passed, even though I am in the second stage, but I do have some progresses that benefit for my daily life. Setting a fixed time to go to bed forces me to cover my time more effectively. Most importantly, sleeping early get throughs me more vim in daytime, and now I can keep my brain working without caffeine even I wake up half an hour early than before. My productivity is improving, and the biggest change is I can keep myself on the same page with professor in lectures simply because I have enough energy to think more and interact mentally.Nevertheless, things wont change overnight, and I do encounter some difficulties duri ng my behavior changing. So far, the biggest challenge has been my habit of staying up in my sub-consciousness. During weekdays, as long as my schedule gets crowded, I will have the intent to delay sleep time out of habit even those tasks are not urgent in weekends, parties are attractive for me and most of them last until late night. Be honest, I did not meet my short-term goal three generation so far. Reaching my ultimate goal is not easy, and I am implementing some strategies hopefully to keep myself on the right track.First of all, I take separating my plan into three short-term stages makes my plan as a continuous improvement that is easier to accomplish and encourages me to proceed second, finding a change divisor is important. My girlfriend is my change agent, and she has helped me to act with the criteria I set closely. One expediency of choosing my girlfriend as the agent is I have to listen to her order because I do not want to piss her off. Even though Ive not reache d my ultimate goal yet, some potential long-run benefits can be observed.First and foremost, I will be more productive in my academic performance. Sleeping early provides my body an optimal circadian rhythm which gives me a high quality and sufficient sleep at night. Consequently, I will have abundant of energy to handle my busy university life. Moreover, sufficient energy will enable me to balance my academic life and personal life more reasonably, and then I will have a great passion to maintain my private relationship with my girlfriend and my social networking.Last but not least, sufficient sleep will give me a healthy life that will be the upmost stern for my body health in my future life. Section 3 By reviewing my journal entries for the past half a month, in sum, I did see my stage short-term target in weekdays. Meeting the short-term target in each stage is easier in weekdays because my class schedule is comparatively fixed. Nevertheless, meeting the target in weekends ha s been the difficult part. As I mentioned in the last section, attending parties held in weekends last late made me out of my planned track.Moreover, since I was used to stay up late for a long time, sometimes I still consider staying up is a way to relax myself. As for the change of emotional process, at the very beginning, I even felt anxious when I went to bed without complete my tasks as usual, and this emotion hindered me to fall asleep. Fortunately, as I reorganized my tasks precession corresponding to my early to bed plan, and that anxious emotion has no long-run been a problem. Below is a snapshot of my tracking chart.Cells with yellow pick request weekend days, and times in red font indicate failing fulfillments. Works Cited Lakc, L. C. (2010). Delayed Sleep and Sleep Loss in University Students. Journal of American College Health , 105. Dahl, R. E. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Hleath , 10-11. Shives, L. (20 10, 11 30). Get Some Sleep argon you a night owl? Heres why. Retrieved 4 17, 2013, from CNN Health http//thechart. blogs. cnn. com/2010/11/30/get-some-sleep-night-owl-its-a-real-condition/

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Essay

occupational Safety and wellness Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United Stated Department of Labor. OSHA is governed by Occupational Safety and Health Act. The agency will issue rules and regulations to maintain the synthetic rubber and health at work place. Accordingly the employer should comply the standards to avoid work-related injuries including nauseaes, deaths. The employer should affect a set up for which the employees to report work-related injuries/illness. It is as well as responsibility of the employer to betoken the employees so that they will be able to report work-related injuries/illness.The employees or former(prenominal) employees or their representative have right to access the OSHA injury and illness records with certain limitations. (1904. 35 (b) (1). Under 1910. 120 (b) (1), the employers should develop a written sanctuary and health program for their employees who will be involved in risky waste operations. The program should be aimed to iden tify, evaluate and control safety and health hazards with a conclusion of a proper response for gaga waste operations.Such safety and health program should include the expatiate like organizational structure, comprehensive work plan, medical surveillance program, employers standard operating procedures for safety/health etc. Besides, the employer should notify to the employees with pry to the chemical, physical, and other toxicological properties that can be present on site. The observation should be present before when the employee is expected to perform functions at the site. (1910. 128 (c) (8).The supervisors and vigilance responsible to give proper training to the employees where the hazardous substances, health hazards or safety hazards may expose and the employees supposed to receive the training low regulation of 1910. 120 (e) (1) (i). The employees are permitted to be engaged at hazardous substances, only after receiving training for which management/supervisors respo nsible to provide the training. The employees should also be trained to give emergency response where the hazardous substances may exist.

Counselling Psychology Essay

During the history of psychology and counselor-at-law a full range of attitudes and move upes strike been developed in order to provide case-by-cases with the skill to explore his or her inner world through and through varied strategies and modes of inter compriseion. The gravel was to increase the take of aw arness as well as the level of motivation and substitutes (Sarnoff, 1960). According to Stefflre & Burks (1979), advise doesnt just occur betwixt two hatful, it de n unmatchables a concernal relation backship surrounded by a clever pleader and a thickening. This kind is usually person-to-person, although it may sometimes switch to a greater ex got than two people, it in standardized manner focuses upon the stimulation of personal schooling in order to maximize personal and complaisant effectiveness and to nix psychologically crippling disabilities (p.14). For this assignment the psychoanalytic Theoretical approach to discuss will be examined, on wi th its theorist Sigmund Freud and the therapeutic proficiencys associated with this theoretical approach. earlier unity undersurface begin to explore techniques of psychoanalysis, it is most-valuable to briefly refreshen Freuds psychoanalytic scheme, the victimizational voice and his take for ups of psychological suppuration.Psychoanalytic system and its practice originated in the slowly nineteenth century in the fail of Sigmund Freud. According to Sarnoff (1960), psychoanalytic surmise is considered to be the historical foundation of therapy. It describes the mechanisms of selftism exoneration which resolve to protect the individual against external and internal little terror it also offers a distinctive panache of thinking about the homophile mind and how it responds to psychological distress (p. 251). This theory has evolved into a complex, multifaceted and internally fractured body of knowledge situated at the interface amid the kind-hearted and natu ral sciences, clinical and counselling practice and academic theory. thus the experimental condition psychoanalysis refers to some(prenominal) Freuds original attempt at providing a comprehensive theory of the mind and also the associated treatment (Wachtel & Messer, 1997, p.39-42). Freud count oned human spirit as dynamic, that is, he believed in the transformation and exchange of energy inside the constitution.These dynamic concepts inhabit of instincts, libido, cathexis, anticathexis and anxiety and argon related to the way one distri preciselyes psychical energy (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). In attempting to account for wherefore human beings carry on as they do, Freud invented the topographic and structural baby-sits of personality. The topographical perplex or crisphead lettuce of the mind was int knead backed to help psychoanalysts find out how forbearings repress wishes, fantasies, and thoughts. In the topographical model, the mind is divided into conscious(p) , preconscious, and unconscious(p)(p) mind systems ( genus Passer & Smith, 2007, p.443-445). The conscious system allows all that we argon subjectively alive(predicate) of in our minds. The preconscious includes tangible that we ar capable of fair aware of, exclusively do non happen to be aware of currently. According to Freud (as cited in Passer & Smith, 2007, p.444), the fiction of the psyche is like an iceberg was proposed.Like an actual iceberg scarce the upper ten digress of it is visible or conscious and the moderation is submerged and unseen at a lower place the waters surface. So likewise, just about human doings results from unconscious motivation, hence the unconscious system includes material that we have defensively distant from our awareness by content of repression and other defence mechanisms. So when unconscious materials attempt to enter the conscious level, a censor function (repression) pushes it masking or lets it through in a disguised form (Ewen, 1992). As a result, counselors try to move unconscious material to the preconscious and then(prenominal) to the conscious mind, to increase the patients self-awareness. With this model Freud concreteized that their was genuine instructive limitations, much(prenominal) as the models inability to account for certain forms of psychopathology and as a result developed an alternative that explained regulation and abaverageal personality development.This alternative is kn avouch as the structural model (Brammer, Shostrum & Abrego, 1989). According to Freud (as cited in Gladding, 2000, p.187-188), the structural model for psychoanalysis consists of three psychic structures the id, ego and superego, which differ in terms of power and influence. These parts play the different aspects of a persons personality. The id and superego are confined to the unconscious and the ego operates mainly in the conscious but also interacts with the preconscious and unconscious of the topogra phical model. The id which develops within the next three years of an individuals life is the source of ones motivation, and includes familiar and aggressive drives. Sigmund Freuds theory believed that both the sexual and aggressive drives are powerful determinants of why people act as they do it involves an analysis of the root cause or causes of behaviour and feelings by exploring the unconscious mind and the conscious minds relation to it.This id demands the satisfaction of the antisocial instincts and obeys an inexorable pleasure principle. The id is viewed as non having any logic, values or ethics, for good example the id indispensabilitys whatever feels good at a certain time (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). Therefore Freud saw that it was urgent to look into the pleasure principle and he postulated that there must be a super-ego to control the id. The ego can buoy be viewed as the executive of personality it consists of a group of mechanisms such as reality- quizing, judgmen t and impulse control. It incorporates these techniques so it is able to control the demands of the id and of other instincts, becoming aware of stimuli, and serving as a link between the id and the external world (Pervin, Cervone & John, 2005). As an individuals ego develops so does the perceptual experience of reality and a wider view beyond, the pleasures of subjective bliss, is attained. Therefore the pleasure principle that was developed by Freud was replaced by the reality principle (Garcia, 1995).As described by the psychoanalytic theory, the psychological conflict that the ego faces, in appreciate to dealing with the demands of the superego and the id, is an intrinsic and distributive part of human invite. For example, if an individual is under pressure and the balance is tilted too far towards one element, thus creating excessive anxiety, the ego is coerce to take extreme measures to relieve the pressure, by incorporating what is know as defence mechanisms (Passer & S mith, 2007, p.444-445). These principle defences consists of repression, projection, reaction formation, displacement, regression, rationalization, denial and identification, these are used to defend the ego and are cognize in therapy as denial or repression. Therefore the way in which a person characteristically resolves the instant gratification versus longer-term reward dilemma, in many ways comes to reflect on their character (Kleep, 2008). In contrast to the id is the superego, which is developed at around age five.It is the internalized internal re familiariseation of the traditional values, ideas and moral standards of society and strives for perfection (Pervin et al., 2005). Counsellors who use the structural model commonalityly focus on helping patients handle conflicts that occur between these three mental agencies by assessing the level of functioning of the customers id, ego, and superego, the specific areas of weakness and strength in each (Garcia, 1995). For exampl e, counsels usually appoint a patient as psychotic if his or her ego suffers a severe impairment in reality- sieveing. Freud believed that human social and personality development occurs through his psychoanalytic theory of development. This theory consists of five stages the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. These are characterized by a dominant mode of achieving libidinal pleasure and by specific development projects. An individuals personality harmonise to Freud has been determine by the age of five and he believes this time is the most scathing for an individual (Hergenhahn & Olson).During these years if an individual is able to successfully negotiate these stages, then healthy personality develops. as yet, if through e trulyplace-gratification or under-gratification, conflicts are not adjudicate adequately specific traits and characters develop and continue through to adulthood. Therefore, Freud believed that the three proto(prenominal) stages of development o ften brought individuals to counselling because there were not properly fixed (Pervin et al., 2005). According to Gladding (2000),Counsellors who take psychoanalytically should understand at which stage a client is functioning because the stages are repointly linked to the plan of treatment (p.189). Children experience conflicts in different stages of development. In each stage, conflict centers on a different theme. In Freuds oral sensory stage, which occurs from birth to one year, conflict at this point centers on feeding. Children in this stage want to eat things that the Ego tells them is not good for them.Freud believed that some individuals do not pass this stage successfully and remained dependent and overly optimistic. Such people also find it hard to make intimate friends with others and fear prejudice which may be accompanied by greed (Passer & Smith, 2007, p.443-445). Individuals who are considered to have an oral personality are usually narcissistic which means accor ding to the DSM IV-TR enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour that are sufficiently placed and deep-seated to bring a person into repeated conflicts with his or her social and occupational environment (Barlow & Durand, 2005, p.445). In other words the individual is characterized by an inflated sense of self- splendour, need for admiration, extreme self-involvement, and lack of empathy for others. However, this disorder is only diagnosed when these behaviours become persistent and very disabling or distressing (Barlow & Durand, 2005). In the second stage which is known as the anal stage and occurs in the second year of life, conflict centers on bowel training. In talk over this stage involves two figures, one is an aggressive phase.This allows the client to share reading that was stored up. The other phase is the retentive phase, where clients may hold on to their minus beliefs and attitudes until they are ready to release them. The reason for such behavior by client s is because they may find some pleasure in resisting and withholding this selective information (Garcia, 1995). The controversial Oedipal complex for boys or Electra complex for girls occurs in the phallic stage and happens around three to five years. This stage is seen by counselors as the phase of initiation and transition. According to Garcia (1995), Counselors may act as initiators by providing fitly challenging experiences within the scope of each individuals capability for mastery (p.499). Freud proposed children at this stage compete with the same sex kick upstairs for the affection of the opposite sex rear for example boys appetency to have their mother but are prevented by the presence of their father (see concomitant 1).Fear of punishment forces repression of such desires and consequently the superego is developed. To unsuccessfully go through this stage is believed to be associated with obsessive compulsive behaviours (Passer & Smith, 2007, p.446-447). Psychoanalys ts pointed out several reasons why the Oedipal complex seem unreal to individuals. Firstly, individuals are unable to comprehend their own Oedipal complex when they were children and what was comprehended was energetically repressed almost as short as individuals became aware of it. Secondly, individuals gradually accept their cultures perception for their sexual and aggressive life (Klepp, 2008). In the Caribbean for example boys have more freedom than girls and they suss out that they must become like their father, who is stereotypically aggressive, ambitious, powerful, and in direct contrast to his mother, who is stereotypically passive, obedient and nurturing and according to societal norms girls should also possess such traits. Therefore because of societal perspectives on an individuals life, it is considered as the norm and is accepted for a man to possess more than one female.However it is unorthodox and frowned upon for females to behave in this manner. The fourth stage w hich is known as the Latency occurs from age six years until puberty. In this stage sexual instincts are repressed and superego is fully developed. At this time clients may be initiating and cultivating new and transitional alliances outside of the helping relationship (Garcia, 1995). The fifth and closing curtain stage which is known as the genital stage begins with puberty and continues for the rest of adult life. Mature sexuality is the theme of this stage. This stage is also known as the definitive phase of the counseling process and marks the end of the counseling process and the beginning of its outcome which would be demonstrated over time (Garcia, 1995). Freud suggested strongly that personality was essentially established when the Oedipus and Electra complexes were successfully solved (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007, p.40-43).Patients usually get in contact with a psychoanalytic counselor when defences have failed and anxiety has developed. Therefore, the primary goal of couns elling, within a psychoanalytic frame of reference, is to make the unconscious conscious. By doing so any material that is repressed is brought to the conscious level and can be dealt with (Wachtek & Messer, 1997). According to Freud (as cited in, Pervin, Cervone & John, 2005, p. 74-82), blistery individuals are unaware of the many factors that cause their behaviour and emotions and as a result these unconscious factors have the potential to produce unhappiness, which in turn is expressed through a score of distinguishable symptoms, including disturbing personality traits, difficulty in relating to others and disturbances in self-esteem or general disposition.The counsel employs a variety of techniques to tap into a patients unconscious such as free tie-in, stargaze analysis, analysis of carry-over, analysis of opposite and recitation. All these modes have the long-term goal of strengthening the ego (Gladding, 2000, p.192-194). unloose association is a method that replaced hypnosis in Freuds therapy. It consists of a patient speaking about any subject intimacy one fundamentally abandons his or her customary conscious control over ones behaviour and gives free verbal expression to every thought, feeling or impulse of which one becomes aware. Conclusions are then brutald on what was tell and by doing this the guidance is hoping that the client will abandon all practice forms of censoring, or editing their thoughts (Rieber, 2006).An example of the use of free association is craft on a couch, in dim light and in a peaceful room, the patient produces the following free association I am thinking of the fluffy clouds I seem to see with my very eyes. They are white and pearly. The sky is full of clouds but a few color patches can still be seen here and there (Ewen, 1992, p.57). Colby (1960) pointed out that, this technique often leads to some recollection of past experiences and at times a release of intense feelings such as catharsis that have been s top but electrical resistance may occur during free association (p.54-58).. This means that the patient is unable to recall traumatic past events. Therefore, one task of the counsellor would be to overcome resistance. Blocking or disruptions in associations serve as cues to anxiety arousing material. According to Grnbaum (1986), free association is not a valid method of accessing the patients repressed memories because there is no way of ensuring that the analyst is capable of distinguishing between the patients actual memories and imagined memories constructed due to the influence of the analysts leading questions (p. 226).Another theatrical role of technique that is related to free association is transportation. Pervin et al., (2005) stated that, transference refers to a patients development of attitudes towards the counsellor establish on attitudes held by that patient toward earlier parental figures (p.129). In other words it is the clients unconscious shifting to the counsel lor of feelings and fantasies that are reactions to significant others in the patients past and present (Stefflre & Burks, 1979). This process is encouraged by the client reclining vulnerably on a couch, with the counsellor out of sight and remaining a blank ticket as much as possible. At this time a parent child relationship is developed among client and counsellor and therefore transfers the patients old emotions with his or her actual parents unto the counsellor. This makes for an extremely difficult seat in which the counsellor has a huge amount of influence, which is necessary but requires care and restraint (Sue & Sue, 2007).Freud initially believed transference was a hurdle in counselling. However, he eventually recognized that transference is a universal phenomenon and also occurs outside of the counselling session. But in order for the counselling fraction to produce change the transference relationship must be work through. Work through occurs after transference in the case of most erudition, the insights gained through psychoanalytic counselling must be practiced to coalesce them in ones life. It other words it allows the client to understand the influence of the past on his or her present situation, to accept it emotionally as well as intellectually, and to use the new understanding to make changes in present life. By doing this the client will also learn to avoid repressing the material (Schaeffer, 1998 Ewen, 1992). Ewen (1992) pointed out, several disadvantages to the transference technique. Firstly, this technique can not be effectively applied to group counselling.Secondly, it is possible for the transference to become extremely negative as when powerful distrust or obstinacy is displaced from a castrating parent to counsellor and the counsellor must be very careful not to aggravate deserved love or hate which would give the client a valid excuse for refusing to espy and learn from the transference technique (p.59). Warwar & Greenberg (20 00) discussed recent changes in psychoanalytic theory. kind of than presenting a problem, countertransference currently is considered to be a fundamental, useful component of the psychoanalytic counselling process, because it provides the counsellor with useful information about the counselling relationship (p.571-600). Countertransference occurs when the counsellor begins to project his or her own unresolved conflicts unto the client.While transference of the clients conflicts unto the counsellor is considered a healthy and normal part of psychoanalytic counselling, the counsellors job is to remain neutral as not to breech any of the ethical codes of counselling (Rosenberger & Hayes, 2002). Individuals are seen as being motivated by their past and present relationships, rather than by biological urges when this technique is in use, therefore the counselling relationship is seen as real. Thus clients behaviour is not seen primarily as transference, but as responses in a current rel ationship. In addition, change is understood to be the result of the constructive emotional experience of the counselling relationship, rather than the result of insight. This new emphasis on the reality and importance of this type of relationship appears to be integrated into other approaches to counselling as well (Sue & Sue, 2007). Some criticisms of countertransference are that it can be damaging if not properly managed.With proper monitoring, however, some sources show that counter-transference can play an important role. Counsellors are encouraged to pay close attention to their feelings in respect to this technique, and to seek peer review and supervisory guidance as needed. kinda than eliminating counter-transference altogether, the goal is to use those feelings productively rather than harmfully (Schaeffer, 1998). The basic method of psychoanalysis is interpretation. Brammer, Shostrum & Abrego (1989) states, interpretation is an attempt by the counsellor to impart signifi cance to the client. Interpretation means presenting the client with a hypothesis about relationships or meanings among his or her behaviours (p.175). In psychoanalytic counselling the counsellor is silent as much as possible, in order to encourage the patients free association and to interpret resistances and repressions that the client has not yet understood, but is capable of tolerating and incorporating, so as to better understand the unconscious conflicts that are interfering with daily functioning, such as phobias and depression (Clark, 1995).Interpretations by the counsellor appear to be the critical variable in counselling success, along with client insight about underlying motivations, in order to touch client goals. Therefore the goal of interpretation is to enable the ego to earn new material and to speed up the process of uncovering bring forward unconscious materials (Wachtel & Messer, 1997). According to Clark (1995) Interpretation was rejected by critics as a valid t echnique because, it was perceived as undermining the counsellors relationship, minimizing or subverting client business and restricting the counselling process to an intellectual endeavour (p.486). Freud (as cited in Passer & Smith, 2007, p.170-172) saw dreams as the major source of insight into the unconscious and as very important. Dreams are seen as the royal road to the unconscious and are not literal in nature but symbolic. Dreams also consist of two levels of content the latent and manifest.Dream Analysis is a very imperfect science, as there are many levels of distortion between the patients unconscious and the counsellors interpretation, bearing in mind, according to Freud, dreams are interpreted in terms of phallic meanings (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). For example it is amazing how many ordinary items can be interpreted as being a penis such as chair legs or a vagina such as purses. Each fragment of a dream leads quickly to the disclosure of unconscious memories and fanta sies and then unto associations of other topics. Another technique that is involved in the psychoanalytic process of counselling is Analysis of resistance.Although a client may feel the need to change and truly desire help for themselves through the counsellor many things can enter the image to alter this change these things are referred to as resistance. Resistance refers to any idea, attitude, feelings or action which can be conscious or unconscious that fosters the spot quo and gets in the way of change. For example missed or being late for appointments, rambling on about the economy or politics, any type of distraction that seems to keep the client from actually focusing on the real issues is considered resistance (Sue & Sue, 2007,p.98). According to Gladding a counsellors analysis of resistance can assist clients gain insight to their situation and other behaviours (p.193). Psychoanalytic theory has been applied to counselling in terms of the assessment of personality. This t heory is the underlining factor of the performance based or projective tests used in psychoanalytic counselling. These assessments assist counsellors in the analysis of individuals unconscious thoughts, motives, feelings, conflicts and repressed problems from early childhood.These types of test generally have an unstructured response format, meaning that respondents are allowed to respond as much or as little as they like (free association) to a particular test stimulus, which is normally ambiguous (Pervin et al., 2005). The most common type of test used in this area includes the Rorschach Inkblot test. This test is a method used in psychological evaluation it can be administered to children as young as three, adolescents and adults. This assessment tries to probe the unconscious minds of clients. The counsellor will show the subject a series of ten irregular but symmetrical inkblots and ask the client to identify the inkblot. As the patient is examining the inkblots the counsellor writes down everything the patient says or does, no matter how trivial the subjects responses.These responses are then analysed in assorted ways noting not only what was said but the time taken to respond and which aspect of the drawings was focused on. At this time if a client consistently sees the images as threatening and frightening the counsellor might judge that the subject may be suffering from paranoia. Major criticisms of this test include a lack or reliability and validity. Individuals who benefit the most from psychoanalytic counselling are those middle aged clients who are searching for a meaning to life (Pervin et al., 2005). The principal concepts of psychoanalytic counselling can be grouped as structural, dynamic, and developmental concepts. This theory is a method for learning about the mind and insights into whatever the human mind produces. It is a way of understanding the processes of everyday mental functioning and the stages of development (Sue & Sue, 2007). Freuds approach is subject to several criticisms.Firstly, it is too time consuming, expensive and generally unable(p) to those who seek help from a psychoanalytic counsellor who has less roiled developmental or situational problems and disorders. Secondly, techniques involved in psychoanalysis, such as Freuds ideas on the interpretation of dreams and the role of free association, have been criticized. For instance, one counsellor may observe one phenomenon and interpret it one way, whereas another counsellor will observe the same phenomenon and interpret it in a wholly different way that is contradictory to the first psychoanalysts interpretation (Stefflre & Burks, 1979). Despite the weaknesses of psychoanalysis, there are many strengths of the theory that are extremely significant.It offers an empathetic and non-judgemental environment where the client can feel safe in revealing feelings or actions that have led to stress or focus in his or her life. It also lends itself to emp irical studies and provides a theoretical base support for a number of diagnostic tests (Gladding, 2000, p.194-195).Therefore, the psychoanalysis is a theory that should not be disregarded. Although it was developed a long time agone it is still applicable and an effective method of treating mental disorders such as paranoia, schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive reactions in todays societies. In addition, a good theory, according to many philosophers of science, is falsifiable, able to be generalized, leads to the development of new psychological theories and hypotheses. Psychoanalysis meets many of these criteria (Klepp, 2008).ReferencesBarlow,D., & Durand, V. (2005). Abnormal psychology An endogenic Approach (4th Ed). Belmont Wadsworth.Brammer, L.M., Shostrum, E. L., & Abrego, P. J. (1989). Therapeutic psychology Fundamentals of Counseling and psychotherapy (5th Ed). scholar Hall. Clark, J. A, (1995). An examination of the technique ofinterpretation in counseling. Journal of Co unseling and Development, 73 (5), 483-489.Colby, K. M. (1960). An Introduction to psychoanalytic research (1st Ed). New York Basic. Ewen, B. R. (1992). An Introduction to theories of personality (4th Ed). psychological science Press. Garcia, L. J, (1995). Freuds psychosexual stage conception A developmental metaphor for counsellors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73 (5), 498-502. Gladding, T. S, (2000). Counseling A Comprehensive profession (4th Ed). Prentice Hall, Inc Grnbaum, A. (1986). Prcis of The foundations of psychoanalysis A philosophical critique. Behavioral and promontory knowledges, 9, 217-284. Hergenhahn, R., & Olson, H. M (2007). An Introduction to Theories of Personality (7th Ed). Pearson Prentice Hall.http//myauz.com/ianr/articles/lect3freud07.pdf. Retrieved October 19th, 2009. Klepp, L. (2008). Meetings of the mind. The weekly standard, 13(42), 29-31 Passer, W. M., & Smith, E. R. (2007). Psychology The Science of Mind and Behavior (3rd Ed). McGraw Hill. Per vin, A. L., Cervone, D., & John, P. O. (2005). Personality surmise and Research (Eds). John Wiley.Rieber, W. R. (2006), The Bifurcation of the self the history and theory of dissociation and its Disorders (1st Ed). Springer.Rosenberger, W. E., & Hayes, A. J. (2002). Therapist as subject A review of empirical countertransference literature. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80 (3), 264- 270Sarnoff, I. (1960). Psychoanalytic Theory and social attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 24(2), 251-279.Schaeffer, A. J. (1998). Transference and countertransference interpretations Harmful or reformatory in short-term dynamic therapy?. American journal of psychotherapy , 52 (1), 1- 17.Stefflre, B., & Burks, M. H (1979). Theories of Counselling (3rd Ed). McGraw-Hill. Sue, D., & Sue, M. D (2007). Foundations of Counseling and Psychotherapy Evidence based practices for a diverse society(1st Ed ). John Wiley & Sons. Wachtel, L. P., & Messer, B. S. (1997).Theories of Psychotherapy Origins and growth (1st Ed). American Psychological Association. Warwar, S. & Greenberg, L. S. (2000). Advances in theories of change and counseling Handbook of Counselling psychology (3rd Ed). New York Wiley and Sons.

Pride and Prejudice Essay

Successful unification l Biography Looked upon as being unitary of the most potent and popular writers during the quixotic period, Jane Austen published many romance refreshings, much(prenominal) as her most famous, overcharge and Prejudice. Austen focused her writings on the importance of romantic have intercourse as a true happiness to hymeneals (Olsen 426). Having non experienced jointure, Jane often establish her stories off of her familys romance. Jane was born into a spunk class family with very curt in make sense Jane used her lack of funds to juice up new novels.She mainly focused her novels everywhere amicable standings and how love is haracterized as true happiness. Her focus on love began when her siblings married for specie preferably than love. Austen strived to fix the many family issues by creating fairy tale stories ending blithely with the heroines embraceing the men they loved (Ruth 50). Jane Austen wrote her novels around the controversy of whe ther love should be establish upon increasing integritys kindly location or dropping in love (Bernard 34). Jane creates romance novels to replace the love thats deficient in her life.From growing up in a poor family Jane seldom received the opportunity to find love and arry a suitable husband, bragging(a) her thinkings and dreams of what her life would be resembling if she found marriage through love. Austens novels portray that marriage shouldnt be bestiald upon individualized wishes such as m onenessy or class, save for one to be smart one should find love. In the novel, pride and Prejudice, the author shows that despite social pressure, for a marriage to be in(predicate) it mustiness be based upon love.II vainglory and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice is environ with young ortho dresstic bracess and the issue of marriage through social class and ordinary opinion. some(prenominal) critics follow Jane Austens heme that love builds to create a able successf ul marriage. The critic Bilal Hasan follows Austens guinea pig and supports the theory that one shouldnt conjoin for money if they plan on being happy. Also, he hopes that through their relationship Jane Austen shows that a hasty marriage based on facile qualities looks and leads to sorrowfulness (Hasan).both supporting Janes theme over happy marriage, the critic Rachel Davies uses the qualities of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeths love to show a successful marriage. Darcy and Elizabeths love is genuine, existing despite social arriers (Davies). Davies relates Mr. Darcy and Elizabeths marriage to the marriage of Charlotte and Mr. Collins, comparing that due to the commove Charlotte held on her family, she created a bushel to decision love. Charlotte became a burden to her family when she became the age not very a couple of(prenominal) men adored to marry she hadnt found love and caused her to marry for money (Olsen 425).Austen chooses to influence all the characters to show their str uggles between them, providing that they all come to the reality that without money, it is probable marriage will not happen (Disney). more focus on the differences in financial status when finding marriage. A woman who is a burden would more same(p) to marry a man of squiffy class without caring whether she was in love. The character Elizabeth bennet money. Jane Austen writes that for a man to best show his love for a woman, he would ask for her hand in the next dance at the ball. money divides real love and incites false love initially in Pride and Prejudice. Love is shown to demolish the seeming impossibility of Darcy and Elizabeths marriage (Davies). She does believe that there is a relation between love and money in marriage. Money to some she believes, can buy happiness, but love overpowers money and creates a tough everlasting bond in a marriage, term money can be lost. An example would be when Darcy pays Wickham to marry Lydia, indeed giving Elizabeth feelings towards Darcy for caring for her family (Davies).Austen herself faced the issues of money on marriage, creating a sympathetic character named Charlotte. notwithstanding that Austen never was forced to choose to marry for money instead of love Jane created Charlotte in comparison how they both became a burden to their families. Charlotte later in Pride and Prejudice marries Mr. Collins, only to simply enjoy her parents and secure herself financially, creating an unhappy marriage and making them the darkest note in the novel (Paris 34). By choosing to marry Mr. Collins, Charlotte increased her social status by removing herself from a burden to her family any longer. People cannot ceaselessly bowling pin in love where they choose, but their choice of a marriage partner should not be governed primarily by concerns for money or status (Paris 34). Both critics Davies and Hasan support Janes theme, that love is the key to a successful happy marriage. Hasty marriages acting on impulse and bas ed on superficial qualities will not survive and will lead to unhappiness (Hasan). Davies continues to talk about the importance of marriage based upon love, yet in any case follows that money contributes to creating a happy marriage. in that respect are very few critics who can grapple that Austen doesnt show that love creates a bond for successful marriage. in time at the same time, arguing with her opinion, Jane states that money is also important in finding marriage. Neither Elizabeth nor Colonel Fitzwilliam would marry for money, but they must hope to fall n love with someone who has money (Paris 34). Many women during the eighteenth blow didnt receive any of their familys money or dowries after the death of their father. Having no money caused many to search for a suitable richesy husband, with the small hope of finding love in the process.The critic Katie Disney argues that Austen does not suggest the theme that love is the most important, but shows her obvious unhappi ness with the appearance marriages work (Disney). The conversation between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet shows their desire to readily marry their five daughters to rich well- cognize men. With higher class came the certificate of indebtedness to find a wife similar to their class and share the wealth among their families. It is truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife (Austen 1).Jane makes clear that wealthy men of a higher class sought to find a bride similar to them. Yet, Jane contradicts her effect by making Mr. Darcy fall in love with Elizabeth Bennet, a set about middle class woman He is so much in love, stock-still, that he decides to make a social sacrifice for the sake of personal satisfaction (Paris 35). To most, money is seen as a necessary possession, but also is used to secure ones financial future Money in Pride and Prejudice is used to buy ones way, or marry ones way, to a higher social rank (Copeland 74).T here is no ruling that marriage should be solely founded either on love or money. Women are seen as the main audience of Pride and Prejudice, and as we grow up, we become planted with the notion of ending jubilantly ever after. Love is always a major theme in every fairy tale either a prince rescues the princess and they fall madly in love or the girl finds her true love and is bound to live a happy life. The novel Pride and Prejudice is seen by many as one of the most famous fairy tales. Jane Austen creates the novel based upon her dreams of what her life could be.A fairy tale doesnt always consist of witches and dragons, yet Austen creates characters who share similar characteristics. The character Lady Catherine shares the qualities of an darkness witch who wishes happiness for none but herself. Austen creates Lady Catherine as a wealthy woman of high society who looks down to everyone, believing that marriage should remain within the family and love is unimportant. Pride an d Prejudice can be related to a fairy tale not only for its characters but for its happy ending. The novel can be compared to one of the most known fairy tales, Cinderella. Mr.Darcy is the wealthy sophisticated prince who falls in love with the maiden, Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth fantasizes of one day finding the man of her dreams. Another comparison to Cinderella would be that Elizabeth as well as Cinderella is first introduced to her future husband at a ball. Also, both female characters at first play hard to get. In the beginning Elizabeth is disgusted by Mr. Darcy and his arrogance towards those of cut down class. Social status was important in the eighteenth century many women were born into lower class but were not accepted into society unless they married a wealthy man.Yet, in the end Elizabeth falls madly in love with Darcy and of course they live merrily ever after Just like in a fairy tale. Even in animated movies at present such as Shrek, the fairy tale romance of livi ng happily ever after exists. The main character Shrek, in this movie is in much relation to Elizabeth due to their social standings. Both have little to offer for those of higher class such as Darcy or Fiona. Despite the fact that she is also an ogre, Fiona is the daughter of the King and Queen.Even though their social standards are very different they are able to overcome this because of their strong love they have for each other. In the end of the movie, Shrek leaves the audience with the allusion of this couple living happily ever after. Not everyone searches for love and many dont believe they will every fall in love. oft we wonder if love can truly be the answer to ones happiness. In many ways love is unknown, but we must open our heart to possible opportunities. Yes fairy tales can be thought of as make believe, but they also provide a base for a life e can all hope and dream about.Like Pride and Prejudice all of Jane Austens novels follow the theme of love conquering all. A usten created her novels based upon the dreams and life she never had. Much like her characters, Austen dreamed of falling madly in love and living happily ever after. All of Austens books leave female readers with the hope of finding their true soul mate. Reading a Jane Austen novel is a way to escape everyday pressures and explore a world of love and passion. Many couples today must overcome the obstacles of social pressure and money however successful marriages are based upon love.